“During my two-month stay at the Genetic Lab in Bucharest, Romania, I gained valuable experience in a private genetic diagnostic laboratory. In addition to gaining experience in genetic analysis from human samples, I learned new bioinformatics techniques for data analysis and explored new research topics.
My stay in Bucharest began with a tour of the laboratory and an introduction to its organization. In accordance with PCR testing regulations, I was introduced to three separate rooms: one for sample preparation, one for PCR, and one for post-PCR analysis. I found it particularly interesting to see the COVID testing room, where over 300 samples were processed daily during the epidemic. I also had the opportunity to see two DNA sequencers that operate on different principles, as well as the servers that collect data from them.
My work continued with sample preparation for genetic analysis, specifically for HPV genotyping from cervical swabs. I performed DNA isolation from these samples using a QIAGEN kit. The next set of samples to be prepared were blood samples, from which we isolated DNA using the same kit to determine whether patients carried Factor II or Factor V mutations. Additionally, blood samples from male patients were prepared for HPV genotyping.
Once the DNA was extracted, it was ready for PCR analysis. For these tests, I learned how to detect mutations in samples using different primer sets—one for the wild type and another for the mutation. Preparing PCR plates in two different ways was very informative. First, we prepared plates for HPV testing using commercial master mixes with different primers for various HPV genotypes. The next day, we prepared a master mix for lactose intolerance detection by adding buffers, Mg²+, primers, and polymerase before pipetting the prepared master mix and samples into the plates.
After PCR, I had the opportunity to check the success of the amplification using capillary electrophoresis and learned how to analyze the resulting data. Additionally, I observed an interesting test for paternity determination.
In conclusion, this secondment was extremely valuable for me. I noticed details in various techniques that I will implement in my everyday lab work. Besides the useful professional experience, my participation in the CardioSCOPE project allowed me to meet wonderful people, and I hope we can collaborate in the future.”
Tamara Ratković, PhD student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade
“ From February 21 to March 21, 2025, I took part in a one-month secondment programme at the BSN (Biological Sales Network) in Castelleone, Italy. During this time, I received extensive hands-on training in the field of chromatography and LC-MS/MS analysis, from the development of analytical methods to their clinical application in routine laboratory practice. I had the opportunity to follow the whole process of method development, analytical kit production and continuous quality control and method evaluation. The main objectives of this secondment were: To become familiar with laboratory safety protocols and procedures, as well as ISO laboratory standards and IVDR regulation; to gain extensive theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in various chromatography techniques, including LC-MS/MS and HPLC-FLD. During my time at BSN I was involved with the following diagnostic tests: LC-MS/MS and HPLC-FLD analysis of biogenic amines – catecholamines, metanephrines, serotonin, L-DOPA, VMA, HVA and 5-HIAA (using SPE online and offline), LC-MS/MS analysis of drugs of abuse in human hair, whole blood and urine, trans-muconic acid and phenylmercapturic acid in urine, ethyl glucoronide in hair, steroids in serum, p-cresyl sulphate – indoxyl sulphate (total and free) in plasma/serum, lyso-GB3, lyso-SPC, Glu-SPH and Gal-SPH in serum for lysosomal storage diseases, etc. I was involved in sample preparation, external and internal quality control, preparation of standards and controls, lyophilization, preparation of mobile phases, sample analysis and interpretation of chromatograms.
I obtained my Master’s and PhD degrees at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, in the Department of Medical Biochemistry. This was my second secondment within the CardioScope project. Apart from the professional aspect of this secondment, my time in Italy was a wonderful experience, learning about the local culture and exploring the beautiful city of Milan, Lake Como, Bergamo and Florence.
On my arrival at BSN, I was warmly welcomed by one of the founders of the company, Giacinto Guercilena. He gave me a comprehensive tour of the facility, introduced me to all the staff, gave me a detailed presentation of the company, explained all the techniques and equipment used and shared his knowledge of the principles of diagnostics. He also gave me an insight into the practical aspects and organisational structure of running such a facility. The daily work with Valentina, Sara, Thomas and Mathias, who shared their extensive knowledge with me, was a wonderful experience.
This was a unique opportunity for me to combine my academic background with the practical diagnostic applications of my previous knowledge. It was also an opportunity for knowledge exchange and possible future joint research projects.
Overall, my stay at BSN proved to be intellectually enriching and professionally satisfying and provided valuable insights into the operational dynamics of the private sector. “
Marija Sarić Matutinović, Research Associate and Teaching assistant, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade
